International Journal of

Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine

International Journal of
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine

Vol. 1(4) November 2013

CONTRIBUTION OF MOTORIZED PUMP TO THE FOOD PRODUCTION IN BIRNIN KEBBI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KEBBI STATE – NIGERIA

A A Gindi, Y Kaka and A Muhammad

Page No: 1-7

This study was designed to analyze the potentials of motorized pump toward food production in Kebbi State. To achieve this, data were collected from the farmers producing onions, tomato, sweet potato, cassava, lettuce and rice, under pump irrigation in Birnin Kebbi Local Government Area of Kebbi State, during 2012 (November-February) dry season. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of 80 irrigation farmers who used Motorized Pump in irrigating their crops. Analysis of the study was based on the yield and economic returns. The yield and total gross margin as measures of profitability were found to be significantly higher in the area by the use of motorized pump. Socio economics characteristics of the motorized pump users were analyzed.

INFLUENCE OF YEAST CULTURE SUPPLEMENTATION ON RUMEN FERMENTATION OF BULLS FED COMPLETE RATIONS

R Raj Kiran and D Srinivas Kumar

Page No: 8-15

In 4 x 4 LSD, four graded Murrah bulls (6 yrs; 330.7 ± 30.63 kg) each fitted with a permanent rumen fistula were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments viz., maize stover based complete ration (T1), T1 supplemented with yeast culture (T2), jowar stover based complete ration (T3) and T3 supplemented with yeast culture (T4) to study the effect on rumen fermentation pattern. The complete rations were prepared by mixing either maize or jowar stover and concentrate in 60:40 proportions. The values of mean pH, TVFA and N fractions, were higher (P < 0.01) in maize stover based complete ration (T1) when compared to jowar stover based complete ration (T3). Supplementation of yeast culture in the complete rations increased (P < 0.01) the concentrations of mean pH, TVFA and N fractions irrespective of the crop residue. Time of sampling had a significant (P < 0.01) effect on rumen fermentation. The mean pH decreased (P < 0.01) up to 4 hr post feeding with a subsequent increase while the peak concentrations of TVFA and N fractions were recorded 4 h post feeding, irrespective of the treatments. Thus, it is inferred that supplementation of yeast culture in complete rations provided an ideal rumen environment in graded Murrah bulls for efficient nitrogen utilization and TVFA production.

EFFECT OF POLYTHENE BAG STORAGE ON SHELFLIFE AND QUALITY OF WAX APPLE (SYZYGIUM SAMARANGENSE MERR. AND PERRY)

Lakshmana, Ramesha Y S and Janardhan G

Page No: 16-21

The shelf-life and quality of wax apple fruits were studied using polythene bag of 250 gauge with different ventilation (0.50 and 1.00%) both at ambient as well as refrigeration condition during 2007 at College of Horticulture, Mudigere. The experiment was conducted with eight treatments and four replications. The data were analyzed by adopting Completely Randomized Design. The study revealed that the fruits in refrigeration storage with ventilated polythene bags showed good shelf life compared to fruits stored in ambient condition with ventilated polythene bags. The maximum shelf life, delayed rotting and optimum fruit quality of wax apple were observed in 1.00 and 0.50% ventilation at refrigeration storage followed by 1.00% ventilation at ambient storage. The fruits stored without polythene bags both at ambient and refrigeration had lowest shelf life and shrunk compared to ventilated polythene bag storage. The fruits stored with no ventilation in polythene bags both at ambient and refrigeration rotted early and was unacceptable due to poor fruit quality and strong aldehydic flavour when compared to ventilated storage bag. The sensory evaluation revealed that, fruits stored in ventilated polythene bags had better orgenoleptic quality both in ambient as well as refrigeration storage condition compared to fruits stored without polythene bags.

IN SACCO DEGRADATION CHARACTERISTICS IN BULLS FED CEREAL STOVER BASED COMPLETE RATIONS

S Venkateswarlu and D Srinivas Kumar

Page No: 22-27

An experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition and nutrient degradability of cereal stover based complete rations using nylon bag technique in buffalo bulls. Two iso-nitrogenous complete rations were prepared by incorporating two cereal stovers viz. jowar (T1) and maize (T2) and concentrate mixture in 60:40 proportion. The experiment was conducted using two rumen cannulated buffalo bulls, fed a basal diet comprising of 5 kg para grass, 4 kg paddy straw and 1.5 kg concentrate mixture. Complete rations were evaluated for chemical composition and ruminal DM, CP, NDF and ADF degradability using nylon bag technique. In sacco degradation kinetics of DM, NDF and ADF revealed that rapidly soluble fraction ‘a’ was higher (P < 0.01) in T1 (except ADF) while, slowly degradable fraction ‘b’ and potential degradation ‘a + b’ was higher (P < 0.01) in T2 compared to T1. The effective degradability of DM and ADF were higher (P < 0.01) in T2 compared to T1 while ED of NDF revealed no significant differences among the treatments. Further, in sacco degradation kinetics of crude protein revealed no significant differences among the complete rations. It is therefore concluded that maize stover based complete ration may have some advantage relative to jowar stover based complete ration, due to its higher DM and ADF degradability and degradation rate in the rumen.

EMPLOYMENT GENERATION THROUGH AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN KURNOOL DISTRICT OF ANDHRA PRADESH—AN ANALYSIS

C H Satyanarayana and B Sudhakar Rao

Page No: 28-33

A study on Agricultural enterprises was conducted in six villages of three mandals of Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh. 84 farmers were selected by proportionate stratified Random sampling method. The agricultural enterprise (groundnut) generated 260 man days of employment in the study area. Crop + Dairy enterprise 746 man days, Crop + Sheep and Goat enterprise 692 man days and Crop + Piggery enterprise generated 424 man days of employment. The Independent variables; Social Status, Land holding, Expenditure Pattern and Credit orientation were found to be significant at 1% and Planning orientation, Innovativeness, Market orientation and Achievement motivation were significant at 5% level with the dependent variable Employment generation. The Multiple regression analysis revealed that the variables namely Social status, Land holding and Expenditure Pattern were significant at 1%. The value of R2 (0.539) indicated that all the independent variables put together explained the variation in the employment generation to the extent of 54.00%. The computed F-value (3.815) was found to be significant.

EFFECT OF FEEDING CROP RESIDUE BASED COMPLETE RATIONS ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION IN BUFFALO BULLS

K Raja Kishore, D. Srinivas Kumar and J V Ramana

Page No: 34-42

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding crop residue based complete rations on nutrient utilization compared to conventional system of feeding. In 4 x 4 LSD, four graded Murrah buffalo bulls (5 yrs; 350 ± 9.36 kg BW) were offered three iso-nitrogenous complete rations comprising of locally available crop residues viz. maize stover (T1), red gram straw (T2) and black gram straw (T3) and concentrates in 60:40 ratio and compared with a conventional ration (C) comprising of 5.0 kg hybrid napier, 4.0 kg paddy straw and 1.5 kg concentrate mixture. The buffalo bulls were fed 6.0 kg each of respective complete ration and conventional ration to meet the nutrient requirements (ICAR, 1998). The DM intake (kg/d) was similar in all the experimental rations. The digestibility (%) of CP, EE, CF, NDF, ADF, hemi-cellulose and cellulose were higher (P < 0.01) in buffalo bulls fed complete rations than those fed conventional ration. All the animals were in positive N, Ca and P balances. N retention (g/d) was higher (P < 0.01) in the animals fed complete rations compared to those fed conventional while the differences for calcium and phosphorus retentions (g/d) were not significant among the different experimental rations. Further, DCP and TDN intake per kgW 0.75 were higher (P < 0.05) in buffaloes fed crop residue based complete rations than those fed conventional ration. It can be concluded that feeding of crop residue based complete rations improved nutrient utilization in buffalo bulls when compared to conventional system of feeding.

APPLICATION OF HERBAL TEAT DIP MASTIDIP LIQUID IN SUBCLINICALLY MASTITIC ANIMALS AND ITS ROLE IN FURTHER PREVENTION OF MASTITIS

S P Waghmare,AY Kolte, K Ravikanth and A Thakur

Page No: 43-49

Post milking teat dip is probably the most important and effective management strategy for mastitis control and to reduce the new intramammary infection rate in dairy cows. The present investigation was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of herbal teat dip Mastidip Liquid (supplied by m/s Ayurvet Ltd., Baddi, India) in subclinical mastitic cows on the basis of restoration of altered milk pH and SCC. 20 cows screened positive for subclinical mastitis out of 77 were selected for the study and divided into two equal groups of 10 animals each. Herbal teat dip Mastidip Liquid was applied post milking in 1:1 dilution (one part concentrated solution + one part clean water) twice daily immediately after milking for a period of 30 days in one group (II) and for 45 days in other group (III). One additional group of 10 normal healthy cows free from subclinical mastitis was taken as normal control group (I). The milk samples were collected for SCC and pH before initiation of teat dipping and on 7, 14, 21, 30 and 45th day post application of teat dip. The milk yield (kg/day) of all the cows was recorded for a period of 60 days of experiment. After application of herbal teat dip post milking the pH and SCC of milk was significantly (P < 0.01) improved in both the treated groups and was normalized on 30th day post application. The milk-yield in both the groups (II and III) increased to the extent of 22.19% and 19.25% by day 60, post dipping respectively after initiation of dipping. Post milking teat dipping with Mastidip Liquid is found to be efficacious in reducing the incidence of subclinical mastitis and occurrence of new intramammary infection in dairy cows.

A STUDY ON ECONOMICS OF INCLUSION OF AZOLLA PINNATA IN SWINE RATIONS

Cherryl D M, R M V Prasad and P Jayalaxmi

Page No: 50-56

The present research work was designed to study the economics of Azolla production and its effect on feeding cost of swine. Azolla pinnata was included as a protein replacer in the concentrate feed at 0, 10 and 20%, respectively in grower and finisher feed of pigs. This study was conducted for 120 days in growing (60 days) and finishing phase (60 days) using 18 crossbred Large White Yorkshire pigs divided into 3 groups (T1, T2 and T3) with six pigs in each group. The quantity of Azolla required for the experiment was grown and the unit cost of fresh Azolla produced was Rs. 0.56 and dry Azolla was Rs. 5.65. The cost of grower, finisher ration and the expenditure of Azolla cultivation were considered for the calculation of feed per kg body weight gain. Mean daily feed intake recorded was 1.75, 1.69 and 1.64 kg in pigs fed with rations G1, G2 and G3, respectively during growing phase and 2.03, 1.96 and 1.91 kg in pigs fed with rations F1, F2 and F3, respectively during finishing phase. The cost of ration per day calculated was Rs. 24.50, 22.55 and 20.75 for G1, G2 and G3 groups during growing phase and during finishing phase was Rs. 26.39, 24.45 and 22.90 for F1, F2 and F3 respectively and the difference between the groups were significant (P < 0.01). The cost of ration per kg gain for G1, G2 and G3 was Rs. 68.06, 64.42 and 59.28, respectively and similarly Rs. 75.40, 71.91 and 65.42 for F1, F2 and F3, respectively and the difference between the groups were significant (P < 0.05).

INFLUENCE OF AGE, SEX AND SEASON ON HAEMATOLOGY AND SERUM CHEMISTRY OF RED SOKOTO GOATS IN LAFIA, NASARAWA STATE NIGERIA

D I Hassan, I S Musa-Azara, J Mohammed and I A Zanwa

Page No: 57-63

The study was conducted to determine the influence of age, sex and season on the haematology and serum chemistry of Red sokoto goats studied in Lafia, Nasarawa State of Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from a total of 100 Red sokoto goats across different ages, sex and seasons. The result obtained from the analysis of haematological parameters showed that RBC, WBC and PCV was higher in goats greater than 1 year but not significantly different (P > 0.05) from goats 6-9 months and 10-1 year while HB value was higher in 10-1 yr than those of >1 and 6-9 months. Sex and season had no significant influence (P > 0.05) on haematological parameters. Serum chemistry showed that Age had significant influence (P < 0.05) on uric acid with values 172.24 ± 22.15, 157.62 ± 19.22 and 157.56 ± 27.08 for age 6-9 months, 10-1 year and >1 yr respectively while age on other parameters were not significant. Sex had significant influence (P < 0.05) on uric acid with values of 159.12 and 167.51 for male and female goats. Season had significant influence (P < 0.05) on Uric acid with values 157.42 ± 19.87 for dry and 167.46 ± 19.04 for rainy season while season on other parameters were not significant.

DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF OTITIS EXTERNA DUE TO MALASSEZIA PACHYDERMATITIS IN DOGS

K Lakshmi and D S Tirumala Rao

Page No: 64-68

48 dogs of different ages and sexes presented at Veterinary Hospital, Bhoiguda, with history of ear problems were examined for its etiology using otoscopic and cytological examination. The clinical symptoms observed were erythema of pinna, head shaking, ear scratching, mild pain upon touching the ear, mild yellowish discharge. Samples were taken from affected ears with sterile cotton swabs and cultured on sabourauds dextrose agar media with Chloramphenical. Staining of the colonies with new methylene blue stain revealed several foot print shaped Malassezia pachydermatitis along with numerous gram positive cocci. The in vitro drug sensitivity revealed highest sensitivity to Ketoconazole followed by Clotrimazole, Amphotericin B and Nystatin. Recovery was uneventful with a combined local application of Ciprofloxacin and oral Ketoconazole.

INCIDENCE OF CANINE DISTEMPER INFECTION IN AND AROUND MHOW REGION OF MADHYA PRADESH

Jyoti Dongre, H K Mehta and Pawan Maheshwari

Page No: 69-71

Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis is a commonly seen disease in all breed and age groups of dogs having multiple etiologies. In dogs, Canine Distemper (CD) infection results in gastrointestinal signs, and/or respiratory sign, frequently with central nervous system involvement (Apple, 1987). A total of 100 dogs were screened for incidence of CD infection diagnosed by standard ready kit, out of which 9 were found positive for canine distemper virus infection. Young dogs was more affected and contributed highest % (55.56) of all CDV diagnosed cases. Males were more prone for CDV infection than female. Non descript dogs were super represented in this study and contributed to 55.56% (5/9) of all CDV diagnosed cases.

SURGICAL CORRECTION OF RECTAL PROLAPSE IN BUFFALO

P Singh and R Jain

Page No: 72-74

A 6-year-old non-nondescript buffalo was presented with a history of complete rectal prolapsed for the last 10 h with severe straining, colic, restlessness. Clinical examinations revealed complete prolapsed rectal wall, soiling with faces and patches of necrosed mucous membrane. The animal was operated under caudal epidural anesthesia using lignocaine hydrochloride 2%. Prolapsed mass was replaced back after cleaning. Purse string suture was applied to prevent the recurrence. Postoperative antibiotics and analgesic was administered.

SYNCHRONIZTION OF ESTRUS IN SUB ESTRUS MURRAH BUFFALOES BY SINGLE INJECTION OF PGF2 ANALOG IN LOW BREEDING SEASON

Madhu Shivhare and M S Thakur

Page No: 75-76

Cent percent induction and fertility fine percent fertility was obtained following single injection of prostaglandin F2 analog inj. Clostenol (500 mg) in 24 murrah buffaloes in private dairy farm, Jabalpur (MP). The result are promising but accurate diagnosis of corpus lutem in susceptible prone of PGF2 analog is required with heat detection for a period of 5 days.

AN IMMUNOCHROMATOGRAPHY ASSAY FOR RAPID DIAGNOSIS OF BRUCELLA INFECTION IN CATTLE

Jyoti Dongre and Pawan Maheshwari

Page No: 77-80

Brucellosis is a globally widespread bacterial disease which affects ruminants and other animal species. The main causative agents are Brucella abortus and Brucella melitensis. Investigations were carried out on 200 cattle, from different farms and mobile flocks suspected of suffering from brucellosis from different localities in Bharatpur district (Rajasthan) for evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of immunochromatographic Assay (ICA), with commonly used serological test, i.e., RBPT. Out of this 200 sample 42 cattle were found positive for Brucella infection using Rapid B. Brucella Ab Kit and same samples were subjected for RBPT which shows 39 (19.5%) samples were seropositive for Brucella infection. It can be concluded that this assay could be ideal as a field test for developing countries and rural settings, suitable for large-scale screening or presumptive test.

THE ROLE OF INFORMATION ON ADOPTION OF IMPROVED PALM OIL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES IN DELTA STATE, NIGERIA

Patience Gunn and James Asu Nandi

Page No: 81-86

Information is a key to success. This research found out the role played by information sources in adoption of improved palm oil processing technologies in Delta State. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 164 respondents from the State. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaire; and analyzed using descriptive statistics. It was observed that processors’ main sources of information were fellow processors, neighbours, friends and relatives. Result indicates that digester and mechanical press recorded 100% adoption rate each; sterilizing and separating machines had 79%, and 33% respectively. Sterilizer, digester and mechanical press recorded high overall perception on adoption. Hence, palm oil processing can be a very lucrative and attractive enterprise in the agricultural sector if processors receive the necessary encouragement by availing them with information needed for palm oil processing to thrive. Therefore, it was recommended that: government should make effort to extend extension services in regards to palm oil processing technologies in the study area; training should be organized by concerned organizations on best practices and management of small-scale palm oil processing enterprises; processors should form associations for easy flow of information; manufacturers of the improved technologies should arrange for after sale service for adopters on how to handle the technologies.

PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTY OF BANANA (MUSA PARIDASIACA)PSEUDOSTEM JUICE

P R Ray and P K Ghatak

Page No: 87-90

Characterization of preliminary phytochemical components of banana (Musa paridasiaca) Pseudostem juice was determined. Banana Pseudostem juice extracted from fresh banana Pseudostem was tested for antimicrobial activities. The level of antimicrobial effect was established using an invitro agar assay and standard broth dilution susceptibility test. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of different minerals and tannins. The banana Pseudostem extract exhibited the strongest antimicrobial effect against Staphylococcus aureus. Other bacterial strains were also sensitive to the Banana Pseudostem juice.

MANAGEMENT OF GUNSHOT BULLET IN A RESCUED LEOPARD (PANTHERA PARDUS)

Vijay Kumar

Page No: 91-93

A male leopard was rescued from free range area in Kangra Dist. of Himachal Pradesh in India after tranquillization with ketamine (8 mg/kgbwt) and xylazine (1.5 mg/kgbwt). The leopard was trapped in the body gripper trap with injuries on various parts of the body. On physical examination of animal there was found a gun bullet underneath the skin. The bullet was surgically removed successfully and animal recovered well.