International Journal of

Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine

International Journal of
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine

Vol. 2(4) November 2014

CO-INTEGRATION APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF DEMAND EQUATION FOR MALAYSIAN RICE SECTOR

Haruna Suleiman Umar, Amin Mahir Abdullah, Mad Nasir Shamsudin and Zainal Abidin Mohamed

Page No: 1-10

Government policy at achieving self-sufficiency and food security in rice must anchor on understanding structural relationships exist among the major variables in demand side of rice sector. This is because a result-oriented policy decision and implementation depend on the adopted inferences from valid demand elasticities. The validity of estimated coefficients presupposes time series data are stationary. Test statistics, like T-test, X2-test and F-test, on which basis inferences are made, depend on this assumption. Some earlier empirical findings about rice demand behaviourmight have suffered spurious regression problem with skeptical inferences because the time series data used did not take cognizance of unit root problems.Hence, this study attempted estimating demand equationby co-integration method. Time series data (1980- 2012) were collected and analyzed using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). For valid inference, estimated coefficients were subjected to necessary diagnostic and unit root tests. The results show that wheat remains a substitute to rice in consumption both in short run and long run. In relation to income per capita, rice can be considered as normal good in the short run; but inferior good in the long run. Rice consumption per capita was inelastic in relation to its price.

MARKETING OF ONION IN ALIERO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, KEBBI STATE NIGERIA

Abdullahi Auwal Gindi, Bamidele A Adeshina and Kaka Yahaya

Page No: 11-19

The study attempts to investigate marketing of onion in Aliero Local Government Area, Kebbi State Nigeria, and the structure in existence in onion market and compare the cost and returns for both market participants. Market information was collected through a purposive sampling technique from which 70 respondents each from both the wholesalers and retailers were selected. Costs and returns of wholesalers and retailers were obtained with average gross return of N19,875 k andN19,666 k per bag respectively. The Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient were used in determining relative concentration and equality/inequality distribution in the market. The graph of the Lorenz curve was plotted from the cumulative proportional aggregate sales versus the proportion of the retailers’ population per month. The Gini coefficient was also calculated using the Lorenz curve graph and the value of 0.42 was obtained. The value indicates the difference or level of concentration by the few groups of retailers. The study suggests the need for government to develop an orientation program for the onion marketers in the study area on measures of establishing satisfactory marketing strategies in the onion market of the study area.

FACTORS INFLUENCING PRINCIPLES OF ADARSH GAON YOJANA

Swati D Shinde and B A Deshmukh

Page No: 20-26

The state of Maharashtra introduced many impressive rural development programmes to improve the socio-economic condition of the rural peoples. One of the Ideal Village Programme (Adarsh Gaon Yojana) of the Government of Maharashtra was launched to make the villages self-sufficient and self-reliant by adopting the principles of Charaibandi, Kurhadbandi, Nashabandi, Shramdan and Nasbandi. The present investigation was purposively conducted in Ambadvet village of Pune district revealed that majority of the rural youth not perceived the importance of Kurhadbandi, Charaibandi and Nasbandi principles, however they had clear perception about Nashabandi and Shramdan. The education, parental occupation, social participation, peer influence, cosmopoliteness and change proneness were established positive and highly significant association with perception of rural youth about ‘Adarsha Gaon Yojana’.

MANAGEMENT OF TAIL AFFECTIONS IN BUFFALOES

G Satyanarayana, Makkena Sreenu, V Devi Prasad and G V Naidu

Page No: 27-33

Studies on affections of tail in buffaloes and their management was taken up on the clinical cases presented to the hospital. Avulsion of the tail, Fracture of the tail Dislocation/Luxation, Dermatitis, Trauma, Tumors, Varicosity of tail and Necrosis and Gangrene cases were treated on conservative therapy and amputation procedures.

AN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY ON CANINE HEMOPROTOZOA IN JABALPUR (MADHYA PRADESH)

Sonal Shrivastava, P C Shukla and M L V Rao

Page No: 34-40

The present work was planned to study the epidemiological pattern of prevalent hemoprotozoa of dogs in Jabalpur (MP). The overall prevalence of hemoprotozoa during November 2012 to October 2013 was 10.60%. The prevalence of Babesia sp. was 10.48%, whereas Hepatozoon canis was showed 0.12% prevalence. The month wise prevalence study of Babesia spp. revealed highest prevalence (18.18%) in the month of August followed by 16.67% in July. The lowest prevalence was reported in March. The age wise prevalence of babesiosis revealed highest prevalence (13.27%) in the 1-3 years age group, followed by 12.94% prevalence in dogs of 5-7 years age and 12.92% prevalence in 7-9 years age group. The sex wise prevalence study revealed 14.77% prevalence in females as compared with 7.38 per cent in males. The maximum prevalence was noticed in German Shepherd breed, i.e., 15.47% followed by Samoyed, Pug and Non-descript in which prevalence was found to be 15.25, 12.50 and 10.94, respectively. There was significant variation (p < 0.05) in the prevalence of babesiosis during different months and in different age groups, sex and breeds.

STUDIES ON FACTORS INFLUENCING MORTALITY RATE IN BUFFALO CALVES

M Shrivastava, S Nanavati and A K Mishra

Page No: 41-46

The data on raising pattern, housing, feeding habits, socio economic status of farmers and cause of death of calves have been gathered by interviewing of hundred farmers from thirteen villages in and around Mhow tehsil of Indore district as per a questionnaire developed for the purpose. After tabulation and analysis, it was observed that in the treatment group (10 buffalo calves), no death was observed during entire period of experiment, where as in control group, out of 10 buffalo calves, 3 calves (two died due to enteritis and one due to worm infestation) were died. The study revealed that the factors like the educational level of farmer and his animal holding have slightly significant influence on the calf mortality rates. However, age, sex, land holding, parity of dam and diseases significantly influenced the mortality rates of buffalo calves.

RESPONSE OF INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) AND ITS RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUCCEEDING CROP

H K Patel, A C Sadhu, Y C Lakum and J V Suthar

Page No: 47-52

A field experiment was conducted at College Agronomy Farm, BA College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat during rabi season during of 2005 and 2006 on loamy sand soil. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its residual effect on green gram under middle Gujarat Agro-climatic Conditions. There were twenty-four treatment combinations comprising combination of three organic manure treatments (Control, Vermicompost@5 t/ha and FYM @ 10 t/ha) with four phosphorus/bio-fertilizer treatments (60 kg P2O5/ha, 20 kg P2O5/ha + PSB, 40 kg P2O5/ha + PSB and PSB alone) and two sulphur levels (0 kg S/ha and 40 kg S/ha) were tested in the split plot design with four replications. Application of organic manures, i.e., FYM@10 t/ha and vermicompost 5 t/ha with 60 kg P2O5/ha or 40 kg P2O5/ha + PSB and 40 kg S/ha produced maximum wheat grain and straw yield. Significantly higher green gram grain and straw yield was recorded in organic manure treatment with application of 60 kg P2O5/ha or 40 kg P2O5/ha + PSB and 40 kg S/ha in succeeding crop. Treatment FYM@10 t/ha with 60 kg P2O5 and 40 kg S/ha recorded higher grain and straw yield under residual nutrient. In wheat-green gram cropping sequence treatment FYM@10 t/ha with 60 kg P2O5 and 40 kg S/ha recorded higher net realization.

ASSESSMENT OF VALUE ADDITION IN RICE PRODUCTION AND PROCESSING IN ADANI IN UZOUWANI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF ENUGU STATE, NIGERIA

Ugwu J N, Mgbakor M N and Chitor C C

Page No: 53-68

The broad objective of this project work is to assess the effect of value addition in the production and processing of rice in Adani in Uzouwani Local Government Area of Enugu State. The specific objectives of this work is to assess the general profitability involved in value addition in rice production and processing. Multi-stage sampling techniques was used to collect primary data via oral and written questionnaires together with personal observation and empirical knowledge of the research environment. The data were collected with regard to the respondents' socioeconomic situation, factors that affect value addition in the area, the major constraints to value added production and processing, the level of technology available to the respondents and general profitability associated with rice production and processing in the study area. The major findings in the research work include; (1) the study area produces a large quantity of rice. (2) most farmers engage in medium scale production. (3) rice production is profitable in the area. (4) most of the farmers engage in both production and processing activities. The major constraints include; (1) lack of adequate training, (2) lack of funds, and (3) lack of appropriate technology. Based on the identified constraints, the respondents are advised to take appropriate measures to ameliorate their situation such measures and formation of co-operative can be of good help. Government and non-governmental organization are equally called to intervention.

STANDARDIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NONI LEAF TEA POWDER

Vinod Kumar P, D L Kusuma and K V Sucharitha

Page No: 69-74

Noni is the common name for Morinda citrifolia belongs to Rubiaceae family. It is a tropical tree native to Polynesia, especially Tahiti and Hawaii. The fruits, leaves, stems and roots have all been used in Polynesia ‘Kahuna’, as traditional healers in food and beverages. The emphasis on noni leaf powder was of atmost important as the modern research has identified several important and beneficial nutritional compounds in Noni. The added advantage was increased efficacy of immune system and the proven flavonoid rich compounds processing anti-oxidant activity imported antimicrobial, antibacterial and antifungal properties. Two compositions Noni Herbal Lemon Tea (NHLT) and Noni Herbal Tea (NHT) was developed. Noni leaf powder was added in the proportions of 2.5, 3, and 5 g to both the teas. The prepared variations were subjected to sensory evaluation. Among the developed variations 2.5 g noni leaf powder composition was acceptable than the other variations. The present research was done to standardize the Noni leaf tea powder.

CONTRIBUTIONS OF FISH FARMING TO POVERTY ALLEVIATION IN NIGERIA

Ochiaka C D, Mgbakor M N, Ugwu J N and Okorie A

Page No: 75-82

Over 840 million people lack adequate access to food and about 25% of these are in sub- Saharan Africa. Fish farming is often cited as one of the means of efficiently increasing food production thereby alleviating poverty. Aquaculture production has intensified throughout many regions of the world including Nigeria. Of the different global food production system, fish farming is generally viewed as an important domestic provider of much needed high-quality animal protein and other essential nutrients, generally at affordable prices to the poorer segments of the community. it is also an important provider of employment opportunities, cash income and valuable foreign exchange. Aquaculture production in Nigeria stands at about 200,535 metric tones per annum representing 24.52% of the total domestic fish production. Nigeria needs about 1.8 to 2.6 million metric tones of fish annually to satisfy her fish demand to meet the 13.2 kg per capital global requirement for fish consumption. Inadequate access to land and water resources, fingerlings, feed, capital, research and human resources development have been cited as constraints for fish farming development. In future, there will continue to be a shift away from traditional fishing as the world continues to experience a paradigm shift in seafood production. Much of the current research in the field of aquaculture is being directed towards making the industry more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

EFFECT OF BIO-INOCULANTS AND BIOFORMULATIONS ON GROWTH, YIELD AND QUALITY OF BUCKWHEAT

Sakhubai H T, Laxminarayana H and Chaya P Patil

Page No: 83-88

An investigation was carried out to study the effect of Vescicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza and bioformulations (panchagavya and amritpani) on growth, yield and quality of buckwheat by comparing with RDF at K.R.C.C.H. College of Arabhavi. The results showed that growth parameters viz., plant height (103.10 cm), number of leaves per plant (75.62), leaf length (9.52 cm), leaf breadth (9.03 cm) recorded maximum with the application of RDF and yield parameters viz., days to 50% flowering was earlier in T10 and T11 with 25.67 DAS, herb yield recorded maximum with the application of RDF, however the organic treatment T10 have shown on par results in growth and yield parameters.

EVALUATION AND ROLE OF GREEN RIVER PROJECT (GRP) IN OGBA/EGBEMA/NDONI LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF RIVER STATE, NIGERIA

Ugwu J N, Mgbakor Miriam N, Ochiaka D C and Osiagor V C

Page No: 89-100

This research evaluated Green River Project (GRP) role in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of River State. The specific objectives of the study were to identify the socioeconomic factors of the respondents, examine respondents awareness and adoption of GRP innovations, determine the profitability of farmers under GRP in the area, evaluate the effect of GRP on the respondents, identify the major constraints encounter by respondents and to make appropriate policy recommendations based on the findings of the study of 60 purposively selected beneficiaries of the project. Data collected were analyzed using chi-square statistical technique, percentages and frequency distribution table. It was found that majority of the respondents were aware of GRP activities and obtained planting materials and experience improvement in their livelihood. It was also found that there exists a significant benefit in farming under GRP. It implies that the Green River project has played a key role in agricultural improvement to a certain level. The study recommends that youth programme should be incorporated into GRP programme, the extension officers farm visits should be intensified and more agrochemicals, planting materials and loans should be made available to farmers, to ensure increased role and the continuity of the programme.

SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF UTERINE PROLAPSE IN A DOE: A CASE REPORT

Mahesh R

Page No: 101-103

Prolapse of uterus after parturition was successfully manged by reduction, reposition and retension in a doe was reported here.

EVALUATION OF VITAMIN C AND POLYHERBAL ANTISTRESS SUPPLEMENTATION ON STRESS AND IMMUNE CHARACTERS IN BROILER CHICKEN

M Vijay Kumar, Shivi Miani and Vinay Tikare

Page No: 104-108

A total of Ninety (90) day old broiler chickens were randomly divided into 3 groups and kept under elevated summer temperature to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid and AYUCEE® on the antioxidative profiles viz., Thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS), Super oxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione peroxidase (GSH) in both erythrocyte suspension and hepatic tissue concentrations. Heat stress was associated with an increase in TBARS and decrease in antioxidant enzyme profiles in untreated group while supplementation of Ascorbic acid (Vit. C) through feed and AYUCEE® supplementation through drinking water has restored the depleted profiles of antioxidation enzymes of the birds thereby ameliorating heat stress and sustaining the productivity in the commercial broilers.

REPORT ON THE INFESTATION OF HAEMAPHYSALIS SP TICK IN MAN

K Arunachalam, S T Bino Sundar and A Sangaran

Page No: 109-110

Ticks are ectoparasites which are normally seen infesting animals and human beings and also have been reported from poultry. Over 20 ixodid tick species are often found on humans exposed to infested vegetation which includes Amblyomma species, Dermacentor spp., Haemaphysalis spp., Hyalomma spp. and Ixodes species. The present paper discuss on the presence of Haemaphysalis spp. tick in a man residing close to forest area.

DELIVERY OF A BULL DOG CALF IN A CROSSBRED HOLSTEIN FRISIAN COW

Senthil Kumar A, Sri Balaji N and Shanmugasundram A

Page No: 111-113

A very rare case of bulldog calf in a crossbred Holstein Frisian cow from the rural area of Theni District in Tamilnadu was reported. This report would help in drawing the attention of animal breeders of Theni with respect to collection of sire and dam’s pedigree information before breeding of their cattle as the condition is hereditary in nature.

SUCCESSFUL DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL REMOVAL OF FOREIGN BODY (SEWING NEEDLE) IN ONE MONTH OLD KID—A CASE REPORT

Munish Gupta

Page No: 114-117

A non descriptive one month old goat kid was presented to the veterinary Polyclinic Shahpur with a history of anorexia from last two days along with restlessness with the tendency to lie down and stand up frequently along with bleating sounds. On clinical examination, the rectal temperature was normal but the animal was dull and depressed. On palpation of abdomen/ pressing at level of lumber vertebra, animal felt intensive pain and tend to lie down with intense bleating sounds. The animal also showed respiratory distress. Further on radiographic examination, a clear radiodense foreign body (sewing needle) about 5 cm. In length was found embedded inside the abdomen with its base embedded inside the abdomen and the tip was found embedded in the lumber muscles at the level of L-5 vertebra.

EFFICACY OF CIDR PROTOCOL WITH FIXED TIME INSEMINATION IN CROSSBREN DAIRY COW

Senthil Kumar A, Sri Balaji N and Shanmugasundram A

Page No: 118-120

The study was conducted to determine the efficacy of CIDR protocol with fixed time insemination in crossbred dairy cows. Out of 283, group 1 calved animals (n = 164) and heifers animals (n = 119) were inserted with CIDR for 7 days, on 8th day of CIDR inserted animals injected 2 ml of PGF2x i/m to all these animals followed by removal of CIDR on 9th day and fixed time AI at 48 and 72 hours after CIDR devise removal. The Oestrus expression rate was higher in heifers groups (65.14%) than calved animals (34.86%). Pregnancy rates for first service following of estrus were 104 (63.41%) and 77 (64.00%) in calved animals and heifer respectively. The over all conception rate for first service following of oestrus was 181 (63.71%). Pregnancy rate for subsequent service were 26 (43.33%) and 18 (42.86%) in calved animals and heifers respectively. The over all conception rate for subsequent service was 45 (44.28%). Over all conception rate after 2 oestrus cycle period programme was 225 (79.51%). Conception rate between first and second services were 63.71% and 43.10%. There is significant difference between first service and second service were noticed.

THE IMPACT OF NON-FARM INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES ON THE FOOD SECURITY STATUS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN NIGERIA

Jabo Muhammad Sani M, Ismail Mohamed Mansor, Shamsuddin Mad. Nasir and Abdullah Amin Mahir

Page No: 121-131

General Household Survey-panel data that adopt the World Bank Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS) technique was used to look at the impact of non-farm income generating activities on food security status among the rural household in Nigeria. A nationally representative sample of 3380 rural households was explored in this study. The results of the descriptive statistics showed that 66.64% of the households were engaged in farming as their main occupation. Chi-square analysis and t-test revealed that diversified households were relatively food secure than undiversified at 0.05% level of significance. The propensity score matching technique that takes care of selection bias and probit regression analysis was employed to analyze the impact of participation in non-farm income generating activities on food consumption expenditure and food security. The PSM suggested that diversified households hada high probability of being food secure by 12% than undiversified households.