International Journal of

Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine

International Journal of
Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine

Vol. 4(3) August 2016

SHALLOT FARMING PERFORMANCE IN JAVA INDONESIA

Susanawati, Jamhari, Masyhuri and Dwidjono

Page No: 1-11

In order to develop shallot production in Indonesia, it is necessary to conduct research on farming performance of the commodity seen from the profit, feasibility, and the constraints of the production. The sample of the farmer was taken with purposive sampling method of 30 people in each location. The research used primary data and was analyzed with descriptive. The result of the research showed that the age of the farmer in Nganjuk regency was the youngest. The level of education of the farmer in Brebes regency was the best and had the most experience in planting shallot. The widest field ownersip of the farmer was in Cirebon regency and the status of the field domination of the farmer in the three regencies was mostly at rent. The highest profit of the shallot farmer belonged to Nganjuk. The wage of the workers gave the highest contribution towards the total cost of shallot farming in Java. Shallot price in the regencies of Cirebon, Brebes and Nganjuk must not consecutively decrease more than 34,69%; 35,45%; and 39,39%, so that the farmers did not suffer from loss. Shallot farming in Java was feasible to work and develop for. Shallot farmers in Cirebon and Brebes regencies should pay attention on the factors like the kind and the fertility of the soil, while for the farmers in Nganjuk regency, they should notice the availability of the pesticide and fertilizer, as well as the existence of the farmer group.

AGE RELATED ESTIMATION OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF PECTORAL LONG BONES IN KENGURI SHEEP

Annapurna Awate, Ashok Pawar, Ramchandra B and Girish M H

Page No: 12-16

The present study was conducted on ash samples of pectoral long bones of Kenguri sheep to know the calcium and phosphorus concentrations. The marked midshaft cortical (2 cm) bones of right humerus, radius and metacarpals from 24 animals of both sexes were classified into 3 groups according to their age, utilized for estimation of physical and chemical properties such as weight, volume, density, percentage of ash in cortical bone, calcium and phosphorus contents and calcium phosphorus ratio. The percentage of ash samples of humerus, radius and metacarpals bones were 58.77±0.01%, 66.94±0.06% and 69.36±0.10% respectively in group-I animals. There was a significant difference in percentage of ash samples of humerus, radius and metacarpals bones between all the groups of Kenguri sheep. The percentage of calcium contents were 23.281±0.09%, 20.415±0.08% and 21.823±0.13% in humerus, radius and metacarpals bones of group II animals respectively. The percentage of phosphorus contents were 11.06±0.21%, 11.26±0.26% and 11.71±0.04% in humerus, radius and metacarpals bones of group III animals respectively. There was significant difference in Ca:P ratio of humerus between group-I and group-II animals. However, there was no significant difference between group-II and group-III animals. There was significant difference in Ca:P ratio of metacarpals between all groups of animals.

GENETIC VARIABILITY AND HERITABILITY IN UPLAND COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)

K Bayyapu Reddy and V Chenga Reddy

Page No: 17-21

Forty five hybrids along with their ten parents (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were studied to observe genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance for seed cotton yield and its contributing characters. The analysis of variance revealed that the sufficient variability was present in the material for all the characters. The Phenotypic Coefficient of Variation (PCV) was slightly higher than Genotypic Coefficient of Variation (GCV) for all the characters indicating the influence of the environment. The variability studies indicated that high PCV and GCV was observed in case of number of seed index, seed cotton yield plant-1and lint yield plant-1. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for number of bolls plant-1, boll weight, seed index, lint index, micronaire value, seed cotton yield plant-1 and lint yield plant-1, which provides better scope for advancement through direct selection.

OCCURRENCE OF HAEMOBARTONELLOSIS IN A CAT

S Selvakumar, C Soundararajan and S Subatra

Page No: 22-24

Haemobartonellosis is caused by Haemobartonella felis, which occurs on the surface of red blood cells of cats. Occurrence of H. felis in an eight months old domestic short haired cat at Chennai, Tamil Nadu was reported. Based on clinical signs and blood smear examination the case was diagnosed as feline infectious anaemia caused byMycoplasma haemofelis (H. felis). The infected cat was treated orally with doxycycline at a dose of 10 mg/kg once daily for 21 days.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF CERTAIN BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN NATIVE CATTLE BREEDS OF KERALA

Renuka K K, Beena V and Jayavardhanan K K

Page No: 25-31

Adult, female, non-pregnant cattle from Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cattle (11 numbers each) maintained under uniform management and nutritional conditions were selected from the University Livestock Farm, Mannuthy for this study. Blood collected, serum separated and the serum biochemical parameters - Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea (BUN), Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, Creatinine, Phosphorus and Calcium - were estimated. The concentrations of Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea (BUN), Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, Creatinine, Phosphorus and Calcium in Kasargod dwarf cattle were found to be 8.89 ± 0.47 g/dL, 3.92 ± 0.23 g/dL, 4.97 ± 0.37 g/dL, 22.78 ± 1.95 mg/dL, 167.68 ± 10.96 mg/dL, 50.39 ± 5.77 mg/dL, 40.8536 ± 5.18266 mg/dL,, 1.37 ± 0.08 mg/dL, 9.11 ± 2.04 mg/dL and 7.56 ± 1.5 mg/dL respectively. The serum concentrations of Total Protein, Albumin, Globulin, Urea (BUN), Cholesterol, HDL, LDL, Triglycerides, Creatinine, Phosphorus and Calcium in Vechur cattle were estimated to be 9.53 ± 0.59 g/dL, 4.16 ± 0.12 g/dL, 5.37 ± 0.57 g/dL, 22.78 ± 1.95 mg/dL, 150.22 ± 10.86 mg/dL, 47.19 ± 2.63 mg/dL, 46.6245 ± 4.28193 mg/dL, 1.29 ± 0.08 mg/dL, 13.64 ± 1.14 mg/dL and 5.70 ± 0.87 mg/dL respectively. On comparing the biochemical values of both Kasargod dwarf and Vechur cattle, only Phosphorus concentrations were found` to be significantly varying (Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z = 1.492, p-value = 0.023).

FLY-ASH EXCELLENCE AS A SOURCE OF MULTIDIMENSIONAL UTILIZATION: A REVIEW

Sheikh Ummar Bashir and Manik S R

Page No: 32-58

Celestial dimensions have been assumed by thermal power plants in India as they produce the waste combustion product in immense quantities. It is a big dispute all over the world for human beings. The disposal and treatment of coal combustion product is a foremost problem till date. Though from last few decades the use of diverse alternative sources of energy are playing their decisive role, still the inflated use of coal as a principal energy cannot be compensated. The economic and the community problems allied with the generation of the flyash cannot be denied. So, the appropriate management and the exploitation of flyash leftovers a great matter of concern for the living world above all human beings. Thus its profitable operation is imperative. Frequent studies of last few decennia have been looked into to put forth a meticulous review rolling up the grandness and exercise of the coal flyash in agriculture. The conclusions of the diverse investigatory surveys have grounded solutions to deal the problems of the radioactive ingredients and heavy metal contents in the flyash, long run confirmatory and manifestations are demanded. So that our environment will persist in sustainable status. In vision of the above, some agencies, individuals and institutes at dispersed locations conducted some groundwork studies on the outcome and feasibility of fly ash as an input material in agricultural applications. Some amount of familiarity was been acquired in the country and abroad concerning the effect of fly ash utilization in agriculture and interconnected applications. While recommending application of this beneficial resource in agriculture for reclamation of soils, all the situations need to be fully assessed. Fly ash is the coin with two sides of affirmative and pessimistic effects but the positive is even more prevailing on the negative side. So being positive always, it is the need of hour to utilize the potential of flyash in multi dimensions. Then and then there will be hope of sustainable life of this planet.

ASSOCIATION ANALYSIS OF YIELD AND FIBRE QUALITY CHARACTERS IN UPLAND COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)

K Bayyapu Reddy and V Chenga Reddy

Page No: 59-66

Correlation and path coefficient analysis have been worked out for 17 characters in 55 genotypes of upland cotton. The correlation study revealed that seed cotton yield was found to be positively and significantly correlated with traits like no. of bolls plant-1, boll weight, seed index, lint index, micronaire value and lint yield plant-1 at both phenotypic and genotypic levels. Path analysis revealed high positive direct effect of number of bolls plant-1, boll weight and lint yield plant-1 on seed cotton yield plant-1. Selection based on these characters would improve seed cotton yield. Due weightage should be given in selection process with more number of bolls plant-1 and more boll weight and there should be economic balance among these traits to get higher seed cotton yield plant-1.

EFFICACY OF TAMARIND SEED COAT POWDER ON THE NEGLECTED CASES OF FOOT AND MOUTH LESION WITH MAGGOTS

Soundararajan C

Page No: 67-70

The efficacy of Tamarind Seed Coat (TSC) powder was carried out in two Jersey x Sindhi crossbred cattle (JS 857 and JS 854) which were neglected cases of Foot and Mouth lesion on the legs with maggots. Total number of 6 and 420 maggots was collected from JS 857 and JS 854, respectively. The maggots were identified as Chrysomia bezziana and Musca domestica. The infested cattle with maggots were treated with TSC powder and no maggot was observed after 2nd day after treatment and complete healing of the wound was noticed after 6th day in one cattle (JS 857). Similarly, no maggot was observed after 8th day after treatment and complete healing of the wound was noticed after 29th day in another cattle (JS 854). The amount spent to cure the lesion with TSC was Rs. 5 and Rs. 25, respectively in JS 857 and JS 854. The results showed that the Tamarind Seed Coat has good maggoticidal and wound healing properties without any side effects.

DIAGNOSIS OF FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA AND FELINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS USING RAPID TEST KITS

Mayur T C, Ansar Kamran C and Ramesh P T

Page No: 71-75

Present study was conducted for the diagnosis of Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV) and Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) infections in sick cats presented to the OPD, veterinary college hospital, KVAFSU, Hebbal. The study included recording of clinical manifestations, hematological and biochemical profile. 30 sick cats were screened for each disease and as for the FPV in Cats, 13.3% samples were found to be positive and no samples were found to be positive for FeLV antigen in this study. FPV positive samples showed decreased TLC and Neutrophils.

EFFECT OF PLANTING RATIO AND INSECT ATTRACTANT SPRAY ON SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF HYBRID PIGEON PEA- ICPH-2671

Chandravathi B and Gurumurthy R

Page No: 76-82

The data on seed yield and quality parameters of hybrid seed production of pigeon pea ICPH- 2671 significantly superior as influenced by different planting ratio’s and insect attractant spray and their interaction effects. The treatment T2: insect attractant spray Bee-Q at the rate of 12.5 g/liter of water recorded the significantly less number of days to pod maturity (163.00 days) and highest number of pods per plant (350.83 pods), seed yield per plant (62.68 g/plant), seed yield per plot (4.90 kg/plot) and seed yield per ha (2243.00 kg/ha), Number of seeds per pod (3.56 seeds/pod), germination percent (93.39%), seedling vigour index (2627), hundred seed weight (12.19 g) as compared to T1: control (Without insect attractant spray). Among, different planting ratio’s P6:5:2 female to male planting ratio recorded significantly highest seed yield and quality parameters. The present investigation suggests that the insect attractants increase marginal percentage of bee visitation and seed yield and quality parameters in pigeon pea hybrid ICPH- 2671.

MASTITIS-METRITIS-AGALACTIA (MMA) SYNDROME OF SOW: A CASE REPORT

Mrinal Kr Nath and Dhireswar Kalita

Page No: 83-85

An eighteen month old 50% Hampshire crossbred sow was farrowed with 11 piglets at ICARMega Seed Project on pig, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati. On the second day of farrowing, sow showed depressed attitude, rapid breathing, high of rectal temperature (104.80F) along with lack of desire to eat and drink. Clinical examination revealed swelling, udder, warmer, hard and insufficient milk production, foul smelling vaginal discharges with foul smelling and tentatively diagnosed as MMA. After administration of enrofloxacin @ 5 mg/kg body weight intramuscularly daily for three days, meloxicam (Melonex, Intas Pharmaceuticals) at 0.4 mg per kg body weight, Oxytocin @ 20 IU intramuscularly twice daily for three days and Lactaid oral (50 ml, MSD Animal Health) twice daily was given for 7 days was found economically effective and holistic approach for treatment of MMA.

RETRIEVAL OF THORACIC OESOPHAGEAL FOREIGN BODY USING FORCEPS THROUGH GASTROTOMY IN A PUPPY

N G Amith, B N Nagaraja, J K Pramodh and K T Parameswara

Page No: 86-89

Oesophageal foreign bodies are one of the common clinical disorder, which can become life threatening in dogs. A three month old cross bred puppy was presented to the Department of Surgery and Radiology,Veterinary College, Hebbal, Bangalore with the history of inappetence, retching, regurgitation, dysphagia and hypersalivation after taking a chicken bone. On clinical examination, vital signs like temperature, respiration and heart rate were within physiological limits. The survey radiography of lateral thorax demonstrated irregular shaped radio-opaque foreign body lodged in the thoracic part of oesophagus between heart and diaphragm. Exploratory laparotomy was performed to retrieve thoracic oesophageal foreign body through gastrotomy incision using forceps. Subsequently, animal recovered uneventfully without any complications.

DOG POPULATIONS AND DOG-KEEPING PRACTICES IN RELATION TO RABIES CONTROL IN KISUMU AND SIAYA COUNTIES, KENYA

Muriuki Jamleck, Thaiyah Andrew, Mbugua Susan and Kitaa Jafred

Page No: 90-100

The prevalence of rabies is highly influenced by the density of unvaccinated dog populations. Unfortunately, little is known about dog ecology in Kenya. This is a big setback in the efforts to ensure 70% vaccination of the dog population as it is difficult to gauge the coverage of vaccination. This study was designed to describe dog demographics in both owned and free roaming populations in Kisumu and Siaya counties in efforts to control rabies in Kenya. Households were randomly selected and all owned dogs were enumerated and marked. Mark-recapture technique was used to enumerate the roaming dog populations. Semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions were used to get the opinions of household heads and key opinion leaders on the dog populations and their management. A total of 351 residents were interviewed while 259 and 299 owned dogs were counted in Kisumu and Siaya respectively.Majority of the dogs were free to roam and scavenge. The level of dog vaccination was very low for the control of the disease. A total of 386 free roaming dogs were counted in both counties; 196 in Kisumu and 190 in Siaya. Human behavior and attitude seemed to be very important determinants of dog population features in the study areas. A further and detailed research on the spatial and temporal distribution of the dog populations is of paramount importance. This will help in establishing a sustainable and effective control program for the disease.

EFFICACY OF GARLIC (ALLIUM SATIVUM) AND SYNTHETIC ANTIBIOTIC (NEOMYCIN+ BACITRACIN) ON THE HEALING OF SURGICAL WOUND IN RABBITS

Md. Anowarul Haque, Nasrin Sultana Juyena, Md. Fazlul Hoque, Umme Kulsum Rima, Sogra Banu Juli, Hosne Mobarak, Torun Kumar Paul and Misrat Masuma Parvez

Page No: 101-111

This experiment was carried out to exploit the use of garlic (Allium sativum) paste and synthetic antibiotic (Neomycin + Bacitracin) ointment in the treatment of surgical wound in rabbit and to study their healing effect on wounds sutured with simple interrupted pattern using nylon. A total of 18 surgical wounds were made in nine rabbits. Tincture benzoin seal was used as control group. Follow-up information was recorded from day 0 to day 21 postoperatively. More swelled area (12.38 ± 0.23mm), elevation of sutured line (3.55 ± 0.13 mm) were observed in wounds of control group and lower swelled area (11.31 ± 0.12), elevation of sutured line (2.62 ± 0.11 mm) in wounds treated with garlic paste. Histopathological study revealed presence of marked inflammation with fibroblastic proliferation in samples collected at day 3. Microbiological studies revealed that bacterial colonies were present in culture of Day 1 samples collected from garlic and synthetic antibiotic treated group. Whereas, bacterial colonies were present in culture of samples of benzoin seal treated group at Day 1, 2 and 3. Result showed that Tr. Benzoin seal caused marked tissue reaction in comparison to garlic paste and combined synthetic antibiotic. Garlic paste showed better results in healing process. Combined synthetic antibiotic also showed good results. This study could help the veterinarian and researcher to consider herbal product specially garlic from economic point of view for the treatment and better healing of surgical wounds with minimum complication.

FACTORS AFFECTING INVESTMENTS IN THE UP LAND CONSERVATION FARMING IN KARANGANYAR DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA, INDONESIA

Umi Barokah, Masyhuri, Lestari R W and Slamet H

Page No: 112-119

The high rate of paddy fields conversion in Indonesia demonstrates the potential importance of dry lands in meeting food needs in the future. The main problem of up land farming are errosion and soil fertility. The novelty of this research is reviewing the detail of domestic investment by farmers in order to conserve up land. In particular, this paper aims to determine (1) the amount of physical and vegetative investment and (2) factors affecting investment in the up land conservation farming in Karanganyar Regency. The research location is determined by multistage sampling based on the altitude and the up land area. Therefore, the chosen are sub-district Jatiyoso and Tawangmangu. The analysis methods are aim (1) by calculate depreciation and aim (2) by linear regression. The investment needed in the up land conservation farming by a farmer households during 2014 was amounted to Rp 1,096,194. The composition consist of : a mechanical investment amounted to 82.10%, comprising Rp 612,607 terrace and Rp 287,396 drainage. While vegetative investment amounted to 17.90% only, comprising Rp 112,280 annual crops and Rp 83,911 cover crops. Regression analysis showed that factors influencing investments in up land conservation farming are the Index Conservation Activities, slope and household income. With an understanding of types and amount of conservation investment farming by farm households, can be known the extent of the awareness of farmers in preserving the land. So these results can be used as a reference for the government in realizing sustainable agriculture in Karanganyar District.

RAPD MARKER ASSISTED QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC RELATEDNESS AMONG JATROPHA CULTIVARS OF COASTAL DISTRICT IN SOUTH INDIA

S U Mohammed Riyaz, Uthayakumari Kalaathy, Raja Muthuramalingam Thangavelu, Michael Immanuel Jesse and Kathiravan Krishnan

Page No: 120-128

PCR-based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been used extensively to study genetic relationships in a number of oil crops. A wide genetic diversity exists in the Jatropha cultivars. The present study was undertaken to investigate the extent of genetic relatedness that exists and also to establish phylogenetic relationship using RAPD markers among six Jatropha cultivars from Tuticorin district of South India geographically located in “Gulf of Mannar”. Seven primers could generate a total of 257 RAPD fragments, of which mean percentage of polymorphism was found to be 42%. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicates two distinct clusters, one comprising J. podagrica, and second cluster included other five cultivars. Molecular diversity estimated in the present study for providing valid guidelines for the collection, conservation and characterization of different Jatropha species around the coastal area for plant improvement through conventional as well as molecular breeding approaches.

EXOGENIC FUNCTION OF SALICYLIC ACID TO PROMOTE SALINE TOLERANCE IN CUCUMBER

Sikandar Amanullah, Ameer Ali Mehboob, Qianglong Zhu, Farhat Abbas and Arooj Sadiq

Page No: 129-144

Two local varieties of cucumber (summer green and super green special) were grown-up in pots under 3 dSm-1 NaCl salinity levels. The study of CRD design containing 4 replications in pots was performed. Half strength (0.5) Hoagland’s nutrient in the form of solution was implemented to plants for improved nourishment and at 3 to 4 leaf phase (SA) salicylic acid was sprayed with 5 different concentrations (0.5 mM, 1.0 mM, 1.5 mM, 2.0 mM 2.5 mM) and were compared with control. Data regarding to various morpho-physiological and biochemical attributes like germination (%), mortality (%), root length (cm), shoot length (cm), no. of leaves, (TFW) total fresh weight (g), (TDW) total dry weight (g), nitrogen (N) concentration (mg g-1 DW), phosphorous (P+) concentration (mg g-1 DW), potassium (K+) concentrations (mg g-1 DW), Chlorophyll Contents Index (CCI) and (PC) protein contents (mg) was studied. Results revealed that maximum germination, Total Fresh Weight (TFW) (g), Total Dry Weight (TDW), Chlorophyll Contents Index (CCI), nitrogen contents, phosphorous contents, potassium, protein contents and minimum mortality was obtained by the exogenic appliance of (1.0 mM) SA (Salicylic Acid) in summer green variety relatively to other treatments and variety.