PROCESSED MEAT PRODUCTS: HEALTH ISSUES AND ATTEMPTS TOWARD HEALTHIER FOOD

H Amani, S Rigi and B Shahrokhisahneh

Page No: 1-9

One of the challenges for the food industry is producing products with high nutritional value and desirable sensory properties. Meat is a food item containing large quantities of available bio-compounds and consumers and has a great passion for its taste. However, several technological problems and health issues have been reported for this category, i.e., meat processed and thus, manufacturers are looking for finding solutions in order to tackle to problems. The example of these attempts are changes in livestock feed and formulations such as reducing the amount of fat and cholesterol, using functional compounds with antioxidant and anti-microbial properties and removing harmful compounds like nitrite. Using protein compounds of plant origin is also another way to respond to the needs of consumers to produce effective products with high nutritional value in physiological systems. This paper tries to provide examples of researches on functional/modified meat products so as to make the reader aware of the progress made and the challenges facing these products.

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CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN DIFFERENT LACTATIONAL AND REPRODUCTIVE STATUS OF BUFFALOES IN PLASMA AND MILK

V R Patodkar, S T Bapat and P V Mehere

Page No: 10-20

The present investigation was undertaken to assess the levels of Calcium and Phosphorus of blood and milk in different physiological status. The experimental animals were categorized into different groups according to phase of lactation (Buffaloes in Early, Mid and Late Lactation) and according to reproductive status (Prepubertal buffalo heifers, cyclic buffaloes, true anestrus buffaloes, buffaloes in early pregnancy, buffaloes in mid pregnancy and buffaloes in late pregnancy) comprising 12 animals in each group. The blood plasma and milk samples were collected from these animals and analyzed for Calcium and Phosphorus which were within normal physiological range. Statistical analysis of present data revealed that there was a significant difference (P<0.01) in the values of plasma and milk calcium among different reproductive states in buffaloes. The reverse trends in the levels of plasma and milk Ca in both non-pregnant and pregnant buffaloes of different reproductive states in the present study supports the view that the Ca drain through milk reduces the level of plasma Ca which is reflected by higher concentration of milk Ca in corresponding groups. Statistical analysis of present data revealed that there was a significant difference (P<0.01) in the values of plasma and milk P among different reproductive states in buffaloes. Milk Ca and P levels were influenced by different lactational status. Plasma P was influenced and Plasma Ca was not influenced by lactational status. Plasma Calcium and Phosphorus were significantly negatively correlated with that of milk in Buffalo.

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INCIDENCE OF ESCHERICHIA COLI INFECTION IN TURKEY

S V Jamdade, Nitish N Joat, P N Ingle-Patil and P P Gaonkar

Page No: 21-24

A case of turkey from poultry farm of Nagpur Veterinary College was presented for the postmortem examination at Department of Pathology. On detail postmortem examination the heart revealed myocarditis, while liver showed congestion and slight enlargement. Microscopically, liver showed necrosis and diffuse leucocytic infiltration while heart showed myocarditis with infiltration of heterophills. On the basis of gross lesions samples were collected for microbiological examination. Samples recovered E.coli which were further confirmed by polymerase chain reaction.

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FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME SUDAN DESERT SHEEP ECOTYPES AND THEIR CROSSES

G M El Hassan, K Abuelfatah, S A Babiker and M A Alsiddig

Page No: 25-32

The present study aimed to evaluate feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of lambs from some pure-bred Sudan Desert sheep ecotypes: Dubasi (DU), Shugor (SH), Watish (WA); and their crosses, Dubasi x Watish (DU x WA), Dubasi x Shugor (DU x SH) and Shugor x Watish (SH x WA). Crossbred lambs (DU x WA, DU x SH, and SH x WA) took a shorter duration to attain the target live weight of 40 kg compared with pure-bred lambs (DU, SH, and WA). Daily gain was greater in SH x WA lambs and was lowest in DU lambs. Dry matter intake was greater in crossbred than pure-bred lambs. Feed conversion efficiency was superior in crossbred than in pure-bred lambs. Hot and cold carcass weights were heaviest in SH lambs and lightest in SH x WA lambs. Crossbred lambs DU x WA and SH x DU had more muscles, SH lambs had more bone and WA lambs had more fat. Fat depots were significantly (P<0.05) heavier in WA lambs compared to other lambs types.

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EFFECT OF CROP ESTABLISHMENT METHODS AND NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR ENHANCEMENT OF RICE PRODUCTIVITY UNDER NEW ALLUVIAL ZONE

Dhiman Mukherjee

Page No: 33-40

A field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2015 and 2016 under the aegis of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidayalaya, Kalyani, to find out the effect of different crop establishment methods and nutrient management options for enhancement of rice productivity under new alluvial zone of West Bengal. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design, replicated thrice. The treatment comprised three crop establishment methods (i.e., Direct Seeded Rice (DSR), normal transplanting and system of rice intensification (SRI)) and with five nutrient management method (i.e., control, 50% RDF, 75% RDF, 100% RDF and 125% RDF) as assigned to main plots. Each main plot were further divided into four subplot to accommodate four biofertilizer treatments (i.e., contorl, Azospirillum, PSB (phosphate solubilizing bacteria and Azospirillum + PSB)). Highest grain and straw yield found with the SRI methods and was at par with the normal transplanting condition and significantly superior to direct seeded rice cultivation. SRI method enhances rice grain and straw yield by 67.02 and 48.23% over the direct seeded rice cultivation, respectively. However, maximum biological yield found with the SRI methods of cultivation. With various fertility levels, more grain yield observed with the 125% RDF and was at par with the 100% RDF and 75% RDF, and significantly better to other treatments. Further, straw yields revealed that, highest amount registered with the 100% RDF and was statistically similar only with the 125% RDF and significantly better to other options. Grain and straw yield was 65.02 and 20.17% more registered with 125% RDF compared to control (no fertilizer application). Amongst various biofertilizers application, Azospirillum + PSB, more grain, straw and biological yield and was at par with the PSB application for grain and biological yield and statistically better to all other options under subplots treatments. Economics revealed that, highest B:C ratio registered with the SRI method (2.24) and was followed by direct seeded rice (1.94). With various fertility levels more B:C ratio registered with the 75% RDF (2.12) and was followed by 100% RDF. Amongst various subplot treatments, PSB registered more B: C ratio (2.22) and was closely followed by Azospirillum + PSB. Thus it can be concluded that SRI method of rice cultivation by 75% RDF with PSB application rsulted in higher yield and monetary advantage.

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MULTIFUNCTIONAL FORESTOMACH DIORDERS IN BOVINE

Mithilesh Kumar and Premlata Kumari

Page No: 41-45

Buffaloes and cows play an important role in economy of the farmer and these animals are mainly reared for milk production. Any problem in digestive system of the animals amounts to high economic loss to farmers. In digestive system, reticulum is the organ that is mainly affected and the disorders like traumatic reticuloperitonitis, omasal impaction, abomasal impaction and diffuse peritonitis and metallic foreign bodies in the reticulum are common in Indian feeding practices. Multifunctional disorders included two cattle and nine buffaloes and all of them were adult females with mean age of (range 3-10 yrs). The various conditions included under the multifunctional forestomach disorders have been reported to occur in adults animals. The finding that more number of female buffaloes suffered from multifunctional disorders may be attributed to more prevalence of female buffaloes in the region.

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MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTIMICROBIALRESISTANT ESCHERICHIA COLI ISOLATED FROM CLINICALLY DISEASED EGYPTIAN COWS AND CALVES

Gamal Younis, Mona Maghawry and Wafaa Abdelkader

Page No: 46-59

Antibiotic resistance in E.coli has been reported over the last years leading to therapeutic problems worldwide. The aim of this study was to characterize the antimicrobial resistance of E.coli isolated from clinically diseased Egyptian cows and calves phenotypically and genotypically. Among 232 samples collected from mastitic milk samples, vaginal swabs from cows and nasal swabs from pneumonic calves, a total of 38 resistant E.coli strains were isolate. Recovered isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by Kirby-bauer’s disc diffusion method against penicillin, cefuroxime, cefepime, ampicillin, amikacin, kanamycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulphamethazole and chloramphenicol. Resistant isolates were molecularly characterized for presence of integron and other antibiotic resistance genes located outside the integron structure. The integron was detected in 5(13.1%). The B-lactamase encoding genes (bla-TEM and bla-SHV); aminoglycosides resistance gene, aphA1; quinolones resistance gene, qnrA; sulfonamides resistance genes (sulI and sulII) and trimethoprim resistance gene dhfrIa, were also identified in 7(18.4%), 4(80%), 0(0%), 8(40%) and 5(50%) of recovered isolates, respectively.

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