Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment: An Indian perspective

Singh Abujam Manglem and Singh Deva N.

Page No. 1-8

Vulnerability is an important concept in the field of human dimensions of climate change. But the multiple interpretations about the meaning and concept of vulnerability have hindered the development of a universally acceptable assessment framework. Through a critical study of the available literature on vulnerability, this study provides critical insights to help understand and appreciate the divergent meanings of vulnerability. Furthermore, the prevailing pattern of concepts underpinning climate change vulnerability assessment conducted in India is also reviewed. It is found that the divergent interpretations of vulnerability stem from drawing inspiration from several disparate knowledge domains which used the term for different goals and purposes.

Outcome vulnerability and contextual vulnerability are the two widely accepted concepts of vulnerability whereas top-down and bottom-up approaches are the commonly used frameworks for vulnerability assessment. Vulnerability studies undertaken in India have also reflected the conceptual and methodological diversity found in the literature. Many studies have used the scientific outcome vulnerability frame for top-down vulnerability assessments of selective sectors or regions while others have conceptualized vulnerability in the contextual frame to provide bottom-up assessments of geographically specific localities and communities.

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Analysis of annual precipitation in semi-arid climate: case of the Tata station from 1985 to 2016 (South of Morocco)

Jotti Noura, Wartiti Mohammed and Berred Sanae

Page No. 9-13

In recent years, Saharan cities have been seriously affected by natural disasters related to hostile meteorology2. The city of Tata is an example of those cities that suffer from catastrophic and devastating occasional floods, torrential erosion and desertification. These risks will be aggravated, by 2030, by urban growth and will be added to the impacts of the increase in temperature linked to global warming3,7-9. In the context of climate change, we propose for the weather station Tata, to study the behavior of interannual rains. The city of Tata is confronted with several irregular rainfall disturbances.

In terms of monthly rainfall, the month of November, which has never exceeded 40 mm since 1985 and sometimes does not record any precipitation, recorded 146 mm in 2014, which caused exceptional and deadly floods. Some months have much higher than normal rainfall such as September 2014 with 88 mm and October 1994 with 105 mm and 520.4 in 2000 and February with 106.5 mm in 2010 and August with 104.6 in 1998. On the annual plan, rainfall variations reach real periods of drought; this is the case for the year 1992 with 11.7 mm, 2001 with 7.5 mm and 2008 with 2.4 mm. This study aims to analyze the rainfall of the Tata station for a 31-year chronic (1985-2016), determine rainfall trends and extract the rainfall variability which are at the origin of all the disasters of storms that occur as well as define the extremes of rainfall heights and in order to provide explanations about the floods and the real drought that the city knows.

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Local wisdom to mitigate volcano eruption in Sugihwaras village Kediri

Suharini Erni, Herlina Meri and Kurniawan Edi

Page No. 14-16

Natural disasters always occur in Indonesia which certainly cause casualties or losses. One of the disasters that has occurred several times and caused many fatalities is the eruption of Mount Kelud in Kediri, East Java. But with this disaster, it turns out to build the culture of the people who live around it commonly called local wisdom. The purpose of this study is to 1) Analyze the wisdom of local communities to mitigate volcanic eruptions; 2) Analyzing the efforts made by the community as a form of mitigation of volcanic eruptions. Approval of qualitative research, snowball sampling technique sampling, data collection techniques using observation techniques, interviews and documentation and data validity techniques using triangulation techniques is made.

This study revealed that the community of Mount Kelud slopes still holds the wisdom of the Kasada ceremonial tradition which is commemorated every Kasada month which is the 7th day for worship to the guard of Mount Kelud known by the people of Kediri as Lembu Suro for the sake of public safety. In addition to local wisdom, the Kelud Mountain slope community also made other efforts in disaster mitigation, namely construction of river water canal waterways and the existence of a disaster response community. The community must always preserve existing local wisdom and improve the effectiveness of canal and the role of the disaster response community as an effort to mitigate the eruption of Mount Kelud and increase the capacity of the community.

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A comparative study on the floods in India due to heavy rainfall

Malik R. and Setia B.

Page No. 17-28

India is today considered as a developing country simply after China and the country has gained ground significantly in the parts like innovation, training, industrialization and so on. It is implied that the advancement of any country as far as monetary development is straightly related to the progress of the country. But flood in India is the most repetitive natural disaster which had brought about gigantic death tolls, structures and monetary emergency. It has played a prominent role in Uttarakhand, Kerala and Assam human advancement, economy and culture. It is investigation of the natural disaster during the years 2013, 2018 and 2019 in Uttarakhand, Kerala and Assam.

These are three natural disaster events which occur in three distinct states which have adjusted the man's impression of life and the horrible experience man has experienced remains inside them until the end of time. In this manner it is imperative to think about the zone influenced in the flood in all three states to become more acquainted with about the life and monetary misfortunes and important measures to be executed to diminish the effect of the fiasco in the coming years.

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Criminality and disaster: the case of forest fires in Sumatra Island, Indonesia

Ardiyan Saptawan, Muhammad Ammar, Lili Erina, Ermanovida Ermanovida and Alamsyah Alamsyah

Page No. 27-37

This study examines the contribution of crime rate towards the likelihood of forest fires incidence in Sumatra Island, Indonesia. The authors used the 2018 PODES data (Village Potential Census or Sensus Potensi Desa) collected by the Central Bureau of Statistics for three provinces in Sumatra Islands: South Sumatera, Jambi and Riau. The sample of this study is all villages (6.699 villages) in Riau, Jambi and South Sumatra. This study has ten independent variables: drug, theft, gambling, fraud, rape, violence theft, persecution, murder, corruption and trafficking. The result of logistic regression analysis using STATA 15 show that only drug, theft and rape have significant relationship with Y (forest fires incidence).

The final models of logistic regression can be estimated as much as 2 percent significant, X2 (3) = 81.63, p < 0.01. The findings suggest that the lack of collective efficacy in Jambi, Riau and South Sumatra could contribute to forest fires incidence. This study recommends to the Government to revise district regulation on forest fires, accommodate conditional burning for small farmers and increasing collective efficacy at community level.

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Managing extreme violence: The comparative perspective

Kyoo-Man Ha

Page No. 38-48

This study reviews the literature on the management of extreme violence such as national violence awareness in the United States, deep-rooted violence in Indonesia and violence as a developmental product in South Korea. From this review both a generalized similarity and four specialized differences among these three countries are drawn. By utilizing a comparative perspective, a qualitative analysis compares four variables in these three nations: frequent extreme violence, the role of the Government, the vigilance of residents and the international context. As a key finding, the three countries share a similarity: all undertake national efforts against extreme violence.

On the other hand, the differences among them consist of the kinds of frequent extreme violence they experience, the more systematic role of the U.S. Government is compared with Indonesia or South Korea, the various attitudes of residents are observed towards extreme violence in each nation despite these nations’ violence awareness and the diverse scopes of the international context around these three nations. The study recommends that the three nations learn from one another.

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