Disaster Advances

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Disaster Advances





Stability of seawalls by considering non-breaking wave forces during earthquakes

Rajesh B.G. and Choudhury Deepankar

Pseudo-static stability analysis has been carried out for seawall, supporting submerged cohesion less backfill under the combined actions of earthquake and non-breaking wave forces. Closed-form design solutions in terms of factor of safety against sliding and overturning modes of failures have been obtained by using the limit equilibrium method for active condition of earth pressure. From the sensitivity study, it is found that when the horizontal seismic acceleration coefficient is increased from 0 to 0.2, there is about 67% decrease in the factor of safety of the seawall in sliding mode. It is also observed that seismic horizontal acceleration, soil and wall friction angles and base friction angle significantly dominate the seismic stability of seawalls. Comparison of present results with a few specific available results in literature has indicated a very good agreement. The proposed design charts will be extremely useful for the seismic design of seawall against sliding and overturning modes of failure under the combined action of earthquake and non-breaking wave.

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Soil liquefaction and bearing capacity at a building site in Lucknow, India under earthquake conditions

Chatterjee Kaustav and Choudhury Deepankar

Problem of soil liquefaction below building foundation during earthquake shaking due to high pore water pressure in loosely packed sand deposits located below the ground water table, leading to significant loss in shear strength and causing it to flow like a viscous fluid, is a severe concern for civil engineers. In the present study, liquefaction susceptibility under earthquake conditions has been computed for 12 boreholes till a depth of 9m at a soil site in Lucknow, India. The mentioned site comes under seismic zone III as per Indian seismic design code IS 1893–Part 124and hence a design acceleration of 0.16g was considered for building design. The seismic acceleration coefficient was also computed as per Eurocode EN1998–Part 519 and comparison in liquefaction susceptibility was carried out for the soil site. This was followed by computation of seismic bearing capacity and factor of safety at a depth of 1.5m below ground surface for the proposed building foundation. Based on the results it was observed that some selected boreholes showed susceptibility to liquefaction at certain depths under earthquake shaking. Moreover some of the selected boreholes are found to be prone to bearing capacity failure at 1.5m depth as per Eurocode EN1998–Part 519 for certain foundations. Hence the proposed results show the need for such analysis with future recommendations of remedial measures for safe design of building foundations at the site under earthquake conditions.

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Ionospheric Precursor before a 547 km deep Indonesia Nebe Earthquake on 27 February 2015, Mw=7.0 using Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2DPCA)

Lin Jyh-Woei

In this study, the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) data of 5 days before Indonesia Nebe earthquake occurred at 13:45:05 (UT) on 27 February 2015 ( =7.0) with the depth of 547km and the epicentre of 7.277°S, 122.534°E were examined to detect TEC precursor by using Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis (2DPCA) because such TEC precursor could not be found by observation analysis. Results have shown that a TEC precursor was highly localized and increased in intensity during the time period from 05:55 to 06:00 (UT) on 26 February 2015. The duration time of TEC anomaly was at least 5 minutes. Possible reason of the TEC precursor over the epicenter before this earthquake should be radon gas release.

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Last Mile Warning: A review of Tsunami Warning Measures in Thailand

Fakhruddin S. H. M.

The most vital operational responsibility of a tsunami-warning center is to offer real-time monitoring of earthquake and tsunami events. It has to provide timely alerts based on rapid decision-making and to disseminate warning information at the least possible time through multiple avenues up to the last mile. To provide rapid alert notification system, Thailand has installed 328 warning towers9 in the coastal and flood prone areas. This paper examines the status of tsunami warning system after 10 years of devastating tsunami 2004 and community perception and usefulness of tsunami warning towers. We surveyed two hundred households in three provinces (Phuket, Pangnga and Ranong) in order to get a representation of the level of knowledge concerning tsunami warning system and status of the tsunami warning towers. The results show a common trend in all the provinces. There is lack of knowledge on tsunami warning system, evacuation drills; many community know little about the warning towers; false alarm reduces the trust of community, the Burmese population is often not considered; the beach guard towers are generally not considered useful and overall there is a lack of knowledge and education regarding disaster preparedness and tsunami information.

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Comparison of Frequency Ratio Model and Analytic Hierarchy Process methods upon landslide susceptibility mapping using Geospatial techniques

Kartic Kumar M. and Annadurai R.

This paper present the comparison result of landslide susceptibility mapping on Kothagiri Taluk, Tamil Nadu using Frequency ratio model (FRM) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methods with the aid of GIS tool. Landslide locations are identified and an inventory map is constructed by field surveys and satellite images. A IRS P6 LISS IV MX satellite acquired in February 2012 is used for preparing landuse. The susceptibility index map developed by considering the causative factors such as slope, aspect, curvature, geology, land use, distance from drainage, the Stream Power Index (SPI), soil texture, normalized differentiate vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation, soil erosion, distance from lineament and the proximity to the road. Two landslide susceptibility maps are constructed on the basis of landslide inventories and thematic layers using FRM and AHP model. The two model results are compared by existing landslide locations. Total of 84 landslides are mapped in GIS out of which 70% locations are chosen for the modeling purpose and the remaining 30% cases are used for validation. To achieve the best accuracy, landslide susceptibility maps are cross- validated using respective Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves. The verification results revealed that the frequency ratio model (AUC = 87.50%) is slightly better in prediction than AHP (AUC = 83.30 %). The investigation results explain reasonable acceptance between the landslide susceptibility map and the existing landslide location. On the basis of the higher percentages of landslide bodies predicted in very highly hazardous and highly hazardous zones, the results obtained by use of the frequency ratio model are slightly more accurate than the AHP model used for landslide susceptibility analysis.

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