Disaster Advances

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Disaster Advances





Deep Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations in a Ligurian Apennines catchment (Italy): evidences, characterizations and consequences

Sacchini Alessandro, Faccini Francesco and Luino Fabio

The Upper Scrivia Valley in the Ligurian Apennines is characterized by a large-scale landslides area wider than regional and national averages. A number of deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSDs) were detected and mapped on the basis of geomorphological constraints such as closed depressions, trenches, double ridges, counterscarps and para-karst formations. The DSGSDs make up about 10% of the area studied. The majority of large, paleo-and active landslides spread out within these DSGSDs and processes due to gravity are the main geomorphological issue. DSGSDs were distinguished according to geological and geo-mechanical features of rock masses into six case studies. Each case study represents different slope dynamic and exhibits its own geomorphological features. These case studies can be a valuable model for the study of DSGSDs within the Apennines. The authors hypothesize as a factor of main trigger a phase of gravitational instability related to the evolution of the Ligurian-Adriatic watershed and a deepening of the erosional base levels set up at the end of the Pleistocene. The reasons are: i) the distribution and the geological and tectonic characteristics of the case studies, ii) the geomorphological conditions of this sector of Apennines, iii) the absence of a glacial withdrawal phase and iv) the low seismicity. The massive presence of DSGSDs raises important implications for geological cartography, land planning and monitoring because of the extent and kinematics of these phenomena.

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Influence of blasting on concrete lining and rock bolts at adjacent tunnels

Jeon Sang-Soo

In this study, the effects of blast-induced vibration on the structural stability of adjacent tunnels were estimated with respect to the allowable peak particle velocity (PPV). The distance from the blast satisfying the allowable PPV was estimated based on the analytical solutions and suggestions of the United States Bureau of Mines. The allowable distance from the blast was estimated by using finite difference analysis. Additionally, the behaviors of the concrete lining and rock bolts installed in the tunnel were examined with respect to the loading density of explosive charges and concrete invert installation as the blasting load was applied to the tunnel. Numerical results show that the assessed resisting shear forces and bending moment of the tunnel supports at a blasting distance satisfying the allowable PPV of 10 mm/s are very small relative to the standard criteria and that the blasting effect on the concrete lining is sufficiently small to be ignored. In contrast, the effect on rock bolts is relatively large. When a concrete invert is not installed, the mobilized resisting forces at the concrete lining decrease owing to structural effects at the intersection. When a concrete invert is installed, the resisting forces of tunnel supports generated at the crown are much smaller than those near the concrete invert and the axial force of concrete lining increases; in contrast, both its shear strength and bending moment decrease and resisting forces of rock bolts are not subjected to the blast loading and are not affected by concrete invert installation.

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