Advances In Management

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Advances In Management






Vol. 10(4) April 2017

China: The Theory of Punctuated Equilibrium and Innovation Led-Growth

Geib Peter and Swenson James

The concept of punctuated equilibrium was a radical idea first proposed by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge9 in 1972. Today it is widely recognized as a useful model for examining evolutionary change and has emerged as a prominent theoretical framework for explaining major changes in business and economic activity.

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Influence of spectator motivation and team identification on team loyalty and switching intentions of sports fans

Lin Yun-Tsan

Fans are the significant foundation of the spectator sports industry. Loyal fans ensure stable market income and stimulate the economic benefits of peripheral sports goods. Thus, obtaining loyal fans is crucial to the sustainable operations of a team in the spectator sports industry. This study examined the influence of spectator motivation and team identification on the team loyalty and switching intention of sports fans using a 2×2 experimental design. The results revealed that team identification exerts significant main effects on loyalty and switching intention, but spectator motivation does not have significant main effects on loyalty and switching intention. Furthermore, significant interaction effects exist between spectator motivation and team identification with regard to team loyalty and switching intention. Among fans with self-esteem spectator motivation, those with high team identification are considerably more loyal than those with low team identification. However, among fans with entertainment spectator motivation, team identification does not have a significant impact on loyalty. With regard to switching intention, among fans with self-esteem spectator motivation, those with low team identification have significantly greater switching intention than those with high team identification. Also, among fans with entertainment spectator motivation, those with low team identification also have significantly greater switching intention than those with high team identification.

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