Vol. 12(4) December 2019
Analysis of the impacts of trade openness on Nigerian
Economic growth
Arulogun Olaleye Ola, Adebayo Moses and Oladipo Jacob Olubukola
Page No: 1-7
This study evaluated the impacts of trade openness on
economic growth in Nigeria using relevant data from publications of the Central
Bank of Nigeria (CBN) Statistical Bulletins and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).
The data covered a 40-year period between 1971 and 2010. Multiple regression analysis
technique (Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method) was used to analyze the relationship
between the dependent variable (Gross Domestic Product) and independent variables
(FDI, external debt, degree of openness, export and import). The coefficient of
determination (R2) to the tune of 86.3% (approximately 86%) was supported by high
value of adjusted R2 which stood at 0.8381 (83.8%) connoting that the independent
variables incorporated into this model have been able to determine variation of
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to the tune 83.8%.
Also, F probability statistics also confirmed the significance of the model. Likewise,
findings to establish a long run association between dependent and independent variables
indicated that trade openness had positive impact on Gross Domestic Products in
the long run where the coefficient of multiple determinations (R2) of 0.9290 or
93 percent variation in the observed behaviour in the GDP is jointly explained by
the independent variables. In view of these, all the components of international
trade forming independent variables of the study should be accurately managed so
that their importance could be continually felt in the Nigerian Gross Domestic Product
positively.
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Defining Compliance Metric for Management Appraisal
Maurice Ayuketang Nso
Page No: 8-10
This study aims to define compliance matric to enable
management in evaluating the works of their compliance programs, initiatives, projects
and department. These matrices are- the return on compliance investment on a compliance
program and the return on capital employed on a compliance program. These should
help management defined key achievable compliance performance indicators that are
comparable to the obtained compliance output of the compliance unit or program.
Using an association pictogram to map the relationship between the compliance metrics,
it is evident that compliance performance metric depends on compliance risk metric,
compliance process metric and compliance activities metric. These metrices overlap
with one another. The pictogram reveals further questions that other compliance
and related researchers may undertake to investigate for a thorough comprehension
on compliance metric.
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Organizational Socialization: The Role of Dual Supervisory
Relationships in Newcomer Adjustment
Jahantab Farid
Page No: 11-22
Integrating relative deprivation theory and social comparison
principals with leader-member exchange (LMX) conceptual foundation, we develop a
model to examine the effects of different supervisor-newcomer relationships on a
newcomer socialization in a dual supervisory context. Specifically, it is proposed
that the level of alignment or misalignment between supervisory relationships contributes
to a meaningful variance in the newcomer self-efficacy and perception of person-organization
(PO) fit beyond the effects of individual LMXs.
In addition, the effects of supervisors’ organizational rank and newcomers’ discretion
about decisions over level and frequency of different exchanges on the relationships
between supervisory relationships misalignment and newcomer adjustment are proposed.
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Digitization and digitalization in pharmaceutical
industry: opportunities and challenges in India
Upadhyaya Sanjay Kumar
Page No: 23-29
Digitization has become an indispensable function of
business. Indian pharma is in infancy phase of digitization and digitalization.
In the initial stages every sector and industry resist the changes initiated. But
change is the law of life for betterment. There are many challenges facing the Indian
pharma industry which is highly and intensively regulated by the Government of India.
However, digitization and digitalization bring transparency, accuracy, increased
productivity and cost effectiveness besides speeding up of services.
In this study, the Indian pharma sector is studied in terms of its growth, market
size in relation to global figures and then the concept of digitization and digitalization
in pharma is introduced and a small survey of the perceptions of medical representatives
is undertaken and this is followed by a list of challenges.
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