Review Paper:
Liver Cancer:
An Integrative Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment
Jayasree K. and Koyimadatha Manisha
Res. J. Biotech.; Vol. 20(12); 274-283;
doi: https://doi.org/10.25303/2012rjbt2740283; (2025)
Abstract
Liver cancer, specifically Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents significant
global health concerns, characterized by high mortality rates and complex pathophysiological
mechanisms. This review provides a comprehensive examination of liver cancer epidemiology,
identifying important risk factors including chronic infections with Hepatitis viruses,
excessive consumption of alcohol and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The review
examines the molecular mechanisms involved in the progression of liver cancer, emphasizing
the impact of genetic alterations, microenvironment of the tumor and prolonged inflammation.
In addition, it evaluates contemporary diagnostic techniques, highlighting the advantages
of advanced imaging methods while acknowledging the shortcomings of conventional
biomarkers. Treatment options are also being studied including surgical options,
liver transplantation and systemic therapies including targeted and immunotherapy
approaches. Despite significant progress in these areas, the overall prognosis for
liver cancer remains unfavourable, indicating a pressing need for further research
into innovative treatment strategies.
