Review Paper:
Carbon Dots in
Cancer Therapeutics: Advancements in Drug Delivery and Imaging Technologies
Sheikh Rahul Amin and Kingsley Danie J.
Res. J. Biotech.; Vol. 20(1); 225-240;
doi: https://doi.org/10.25303/201rjbt2250240; (2025)
Abstract
Carbon dots are emerging as versatile nanomaterials in cancer therapeutics due to
their unique physio-chemical and optical properties. Their synthesis via top-down
and bottom-up methods allows for precise control over chemical structures and functionalization,
enabling the production of CDs having superior optical qualities, minimal toxicity
and high biocompatibility. Recent research highlights the quantum-confined properties
of CDs, making them efficient photocatalysts and enhancing their use in biological
applications such as cellular bioimaging, biomarker detection and pharmacological
sensing. CDs have demonstrated tremendous potential in delivering drugs and bioimaging
for cancer treatment. Photoactive near-infrared CDs are notable for deep tissue
penetration and superior imaging in photodynamic therapy. CDs integrated into mesoporous
silica nanoparticles demonstrate potent anticancer activity through apoptosis-mediated
cell death while their unique optical properties support precise tumor imaging and
treatment strategies.
Green synthesis methods further align CDs with sustainable nanotechnology, producing
biocompatible and effective CDs for applications such as metal ion sensing and microbial
bioimaging. Surface functionalization techniques have improved CDs solubility, biocompatibility
and photoluminescence, expanding their applications across imaging, treatment and
diagnostics for cancer. Their synthesis from renewable sources, combined with their
tunable properties and biocompatibility, underscores their potential to advance
cancer treatment strategies while promoting sustainable practices towards sustainable
cancer treatment.
