Evaluation of
Thyroid Dysfunction and Autoimmunity in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Sudhakar S., Vijayasamundeeswari C.K., Ramakrishnan T., Sinju R. and Sudha R.
Res. J. Biotech.; Vol. 20(11); 272-276;
doi: https://doi.org/10.25303/2011rjbt2720276; (2025)
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as “glucose intolerance first detected
in 24–28 weeks of gestation by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). In pregnancy,
the activity of thyroid hormones is altered and not balanced in some of the pregnant
women leading to thyroid dysfunction. GDM and thyroid dysfunctions may cause maternal
and fetal complications which includes Preterm birth, macrosomia, cesarean-sections
and future risk of type II diabetes mellitus. Aim of our study is to find the association
of thyroid hormones status and insulin resistance (IR) in GDM and normal pregnant
women. The cross sectional study was conducted between the period of October 2021
to September 2023 at Annapoorana Medical College and hospitals, Salem. Total numbers
of samples are 160.OGTT (Oral Glucose Tolerance Test) performed during 24-28 weeks
of gestation. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group I: 80 Gestational Diabetes
Mellitus women were taken as cases. Group II: 80 normal pregnant women were taken
as controls.
We found 13.75 % subclinical hypothyroidism and 6.25% maternal hypothyroxinaemia
in 80 GDM women. There was no significance of thyroglobulin antibodies (TG) between
cases 73±29.74 and controls 69±18.21. This study suggests that women with GDM should
be considered as high risk for hypothyroidism and their TSH levels should be monitored
closely during pregnancy. This would help to introduce preventive therapies earlier
in GDM and then to prevent maternal fetal complications.
