In vitro α-amylase
and α-glucosidase Inhibition, Antioxidant and GC-MS Profiling of Ziziphus oenoplia
Khan Rahamat, Tummalagunta Ranganath, Kannan Kanmani, Sorimuthu Anbalagan and Muruganantham
Sankareswaran
Res. J. Biotech.; Vol. 20(11); 174-185;
doi: https://doi.org/10.25303/2011rjbt1740185; (2025)
Abstract
Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill., a traditional medicinal plant of the Rhamnaceae family,
was examined by inhibiting α-amylase and α-glucosidase, the phytochemical content,
antioxidant capacity and in vitro antidiabetic potential. Sequential solvent extraction
of ethanolic leaf extracts produced a rich profile of secondary metabolites including
flavonoids, phenolics, alkaloids and terpenoids, as determined by qualitative and
quantitative phytochemical screening. Total phenolic content was measured at 151.21
± 7.78 mg GAE/g with flavonoids at 34.90 ± 3.67 mg. QE/g/High quantities of phenolics
and flavonoids were responsible for the dose-dependent radical neutralization shown
by antioxidant activity, which was evaluated using DPPH scavenging and reducing
power tests.
The extract showed considerable inhibition of α-glucosidase (IC50 = 1.44 ± 0.01
mg/mL) and α-amylase (IC50 = 1.61 ± 0.05 mg/mL), indicating that it may be able
to control postprandial hyperglycemia. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)
revealed 38 chemicals that supported the plant's bioactivity including fatty acids
(linolenic acid), nitrogen-containing heterocycles and phytosterols (campesterol,
γ-sitosterol). These findings validate the ethnomedicinal use of Z. oenoplia for
diabetes management and highlight its therapeutic promise, warranting further in
vivo and mechanistic studies.
