Effects of Extraction
Parameters on Total Flavonoid Content and Antioxidant Activity of Cyperus rotundus
Zainol N., Aziz N.H. and Mohd Nazaruddin M.H.
Res. J. Biotech.; Vol. 20(9); 222-234;
doi: https://doi.org/10.25303/209rjbt2220234; (2025)
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the factors affecting total flavonoid content (TFC)
and antioxidant activity (AA) extracted from Cyperus rotundus. The factors under
investigation include extraction time (2 and 5 hours), solvent percent (70 and 80%),
solvent type (methanol and ethanol), temperature (50 and 80℃) and agitation (0 and
100 rpm). The factors were analyzed using Design-Expert software through a two-level
factorial analysis. The results show that temperature and agitation contributed
the most to TFC and AA concentration respectively. The best conditions for the phytochemical
analysis were obtained at 5 hours extraction time, 85% solvent, methanol as solvent,
80℃ temperature and with agitation, with the concentrations of TFC at 0.171 mg/ml
and AA at 6.331 nmol/μl.
The findings concerning the most influential factors in phytochemical extractions
are beneficial for scaling up yields. Process parameters can be tailored during
extraction to obtain maximum yields as desired. The results suggest that the design
of experiments is helpful in improving the TFC and AA production by considering
all the interactions of variables involved.
