Non-Invasive Assessment
of Microplastic Contamination in the Avian Biodiversity of Gharana Wetland, Jammu
and Kashmir
Rani Reetika, Singh Suraya Partap and Singh Rahul
Res. J. Chem. Environ.; Vol. 29(1); 8-18;
doi: https://doi.org/10.25303/291rjce08018; (2025)
Abstract
Microplastic pollution has become a global environmental concern with potential
impacts on ecosystems and wildlife. This study aimed to investigate the presence
of microplastics in the avian fauna of the Gharana Wetland, employing a non-invasive
monitoring approach through the analysis of bird droppings (scat). Gharana (meaning
welcome home) wetland is a protected site under J&K Wildlife Protection Act, 1978.
Gharana Wetland Conservation Reserve (GWCR) is recognized as “Important Bird Area”
by Birdlife International, UK and Bombay Natural History Society (BNHS). It is an
essential habitat for numerous avian species which are native as well as migratory
one. Scat samples were collected of various avian species inhabiting the Gharana
Wetland, representing diverse trophic levels within the ecosystem. Microplastic
extraction and analysis were conducted using established protocols involving digestion,
filtration and microscopic examination.
Preliminary results revealed the presence of microplastics scat of multiple avian
species which was further confirmed by using FTIR technique for chemical analysis
of particles. The types microplastics varied among the avian samples, suggesting
diverse sources and routes of ingestion. Commonly identified microplastics included
fragments, fibers and microbeads. The prevalence of microplastics in avian scat
raises concerns about the potential ecological impacts on both individual birds
and the broader wetland ecosystem. This work highlights the use of scat analysis
as a non-invasive tool for monitoring microplastic pollution in bird populations,
which is critical for conservation efforts. It emphasizes the importance of reducing
microplastic contamination in freshwater environments and encourages more investigation
into the long-term consequences on bird health and potential food chain transmission.
Proactive efforts are required to mitigate environmental consequences.
